Roofing Cost in Tampa, FL

Complete Tampa pricing guide: roof replacement, repairs, materials, wind-mitigation insurance savings, and neighborhood cost breakdowns from South Tampa to New Tampa.

Get Free Tampa Quotes

$13.5K
Avg. Tampa architectural asphalt replacement (2,000 sq ft home)
$650
Typical Tampa roof repair call-out
15–20
Years of asphalt life under Tampa sun and humidity
10–20%
Insurance premium savings from a wind-mitigated roof

If you are a Tampa homeowner pricing out a new roof, expect a full architectural asphalt replacement on a typical single-story home to run roughly $9,000 to $18,000, with a 2,000 square foot home landing near $13,500. Standing-seam and 5V-crimp metal on the same homes push into the $21,000 to $37,000 range, and concrete or clay tile — the look that defines so many Tampa subdivisions — runs higher still. The single biggest reason a Tampa roof costs more than the same roof in Ohio or Tennessee is not the shingle. It is the Florida Building Code high-wind detailing, the hurricane-rated fastening and underlayment, and an insurance market that now treats your roof as the make-or-break factor on whether you can get a policy at all.

This guide breaks down the average cost to replace a roof in Tampa, roof repair cost in Tampa, asphalt versus metal versus tile pricing under Gulf-coast sun and hurricane wind, neighborhood variation from Bayshore down in South Tampa out to Westchase and New Tampa, the wind-mitigation credits that can knock 10 to 20 percent off your homeowners premium, and exactly what to ask a Florida DBPR-licensed CCC roofer before you sign. When you are ready to compare real bids side by side, visit the Best Roofing Estimates homepage or jump to our where we serve directory. For statewide context on code zones, mitigation credits, and regional pricing, see the parent Florida roofing cost guide.

What Actually Drives Roof Costs in Tampa

Eight factors explain almost every dollar of difference between two Tampa bids on the same house. Understanding them keeps you from overpaying, keeps a low-baller from under-scoping the wind detailing that protects your home and your insurance, and protects the mitigation credits that lower your premium after the job is done.

  1. Roof area, not home area — Actual roof surface usually runs about 1.3 times the living-area footprint because of pitch, overhangs, and the hips and gables common on Tampa homes. Have the roofer measure the deck, not the homeowner guessing from the floor plan.
  2. High-wind fastening to FBC spec — Tampa sits in a high-wind coastal zone under the Florida Building Code. Every tear-off triggers a re-nail of the roof sheathing to current fastening schedule, typically 8d ring-shank nails at 6 inches on center. That re-nail is also what unlocks the biggest wind-mitigation credit on your insurance.
  3. Secondary water resistance barrier — A self-adhered peel-and-stick underlayment or taped-seam deck is now standard on a Tampa reroof and a major mitigation credit. It adds roughly $0.50 to $1.20 per square foot over old-style felt but can save 5 to 15 percent on your premium every year.
  4. Material choice — Architectural asphalt is the volume material, but tile and metal carry large premiums for the wind life, salt-air corrosion resistance, and longevity many Tampa buyers want. Switching from asphalt to tile can nearly triple the material line.
  5. Tear-off layers and deck condition — Florida generally requires a full tear-off rather than an overlay, and humidity plus the occasional active leak means rotted decking is common in Tampa. Plywood replacement runs about $70 to $120 per sheet installed and is usually a change order, not a line in the base bid.
  6. Hurricane straps and roof-to-wall connections — New flashing at valleys, sidewalls, and penetrations plus an inspection of the roof-to-wall straps or clips is part of a proper Tampa reroof and part of the mitigation form your insurer wants.
  7. Permit and inspections — A City of Tampa or Hillsborough County roofing permit, plus the mandatory dry-in and final inspections, is required whenever a repair exceeds 25 percent of the roof. Your licensed contractor normally pulls it and folds the fee into the bid.
  8. Pitch, height, and access — Steep pitches, second and third stories, screened pool cages, and tight lot access in older South Tampa and Hyde Park neighborhoods all add labor. A simple single-story ranch in Town ’N’ Country prices well below a two-story Bayshore home of the same square footage.

Tampa Roofing Cost Estimator by Home Size & Material

Ranges below reflect Tampa installed pricing: full tear-off, deck re-nail to Florida Building Code high-wind spec, peel-and-stick secondary water barrier, standard flashing, drip edge, hurricane-strap inspection, permit, and disposal. They assume a typical 4:12 to 6:12 pitch and DBPR-licensed installation in Hillsborough County.

Home Size 3-Tab Asphalt Architectural Metal Clay / Concrete Tile
1,000 sq ft $5,400–$8,000 $6,800–$10,400 $11,000–$19,000 $13,000–$24,000
1,500 sq ft $8,000–$12,000 $10,200–$15,500 $16,500–$28,500 $19,500–$36,000
2,000 sq ft $10,800–$16,000 $13,500–$20,500 $21,000–$37,000 $25,000–$46,000
2,500 sq ft $13,500–$20,000 $16,800–$25,500 $26,000–$46,000 $31,000–$57,500
3,000 sq ft $16,200–$24,000 $20,200–$30,500 $31,500–$55,000 $37,500–$69,000

Ranges assume single-layer tear-off, FBC high-wind re-nail, peel-and-stick secondary water barrier, and DBPR-licensed installation in Tampa or unincorporated Hillsborough County. Steep pitches, two- and three-story homes, screened pool enclosures, rotted-deck replacement, and tile structural upgrades add to these numbers. Tile pricing spans concrete on the low end to clay on the high end.

Tampa Roof Cost Calculator

Enter your home size and select a material for an instant Tampa–calibrated installed price range.



Estimated Tampa installed range will appear here.

Estimate only. Tampa roof area is assumed at 1.3× the living-area footprint to account for pitch and overhangs. Actual bids vary with pitch, stories, tear-off layers, rotted-deck replacement, secondary-water-barrier scope, hurricane-strap upgrades, and material.

Tampa Roof Replacement Cost: Complete Material Breakdown

Material choice carries real weight in Tampa because each system ages in a specific, predictable way in this climate. Intense, year-round UV bakes the binders out of asphalt faster than its national rating. Heavy summer rain and humidity feed algae streaking and rot any underlayment that was not properly sealed. Salt-laden air near the bay corrodes fasteners and flashing that are not coastal-grade. And every material has to survive hurricane-force wind uplift. Labor runs roughly 50 to 60 percent of a Tampa replacement. The installed per-square-foot ranges below include underlayment, secondary water barrier, code-compliant fastening, flashing, permit, and disposal.

Material Installed $/sq ft Lifespan in Tampa Best For
3-Tab Asphalt $4.10–$6.20 12–16 yrs Budget reroofs, short-hold rentals; lowest wind rating
Architectural Asphalt $5.20–$7.90 15–20 yrs The Tampa volume choice; 130–150 mph rated systems available
Class 4 Impact-Rated Asphalt $6.40–$9.80 18–25 yrs Hail and debris resistance; may earn an insurance discount
5V-Crimp / Standing-Seam Metal $8.10–$14.20 40–60 yrs Best wind life and longevity; use coastal-grade near the bay
Stone-Coated Steel $9.60–$15.40 40–50 yrs Tile or shingle look with metal durability; lighter than tile
Concrete Tile $9.60–$17.70 25–40 yrs Classic Florida look; needs adequate roof structure
Clay Tile $14.00–$19.50 40–60+ yrs Premium Mediterranean homes; longest-lived, heaviest, priciest

Per-square-foot figures are for roof area, not living area. Tile systems may require a structural dead-load check and added batten or underlayment work on older homes; budget for an engineer’s sign-off when moving from a lighter material to tile. Material and lifespan data drawn from manufacturer specifications and the Remodeling Cost vs. Value report; local pricing reflects Tampa-area installed bids.

Asphalt vs Metal Roof Cost Tampa: Which Is Better Value?

This is the most common upgrade question in Tampa, and the answer turns on how long you plan to stay and how much your insurer rewards a longer-life roof. Architectural asphalt costs roughly half as much upfront as standing-seam metal, but metal lasts two to three times as long, shrugs off wind uplift, and does not bake out the way asphalt does under the Gulf-coast sun.

Factor Architectural Asphalt Standing-Seam Metal
Cost (2,000 sq ft home) $13,500–$20,500 $21,000–$37,000
Cost per sq ft installed $5.20–$7.90 $8.10–$14.20
Lifespan in Tampa sun 15–20 yrs 40–60 yrs
Wind-uplift performance 130–150 mph rated Up to 160–180 mph rated
UV and heat resistance Moderate; binders age fast Excellent; reflective coatings
Salt-air corrosion concern Low (granule surface) Use aluminum or Galvalume near bay
Cooling savings Baseline 10–25% summer AC savings
Cost over 40 years 2 replacements likely Usually one roof
Insurance posture Age scrutinized past 15 yrs Long life eases renewals

If you plan to stay in your Tampa home more than about eight to ten years, metal usually pays back the premium through longevity, wind performance, and lower cooling bills, and it sidesteps the roof-age scrutiny that asphalt invites with insurers. For a shorter hold or a rental, a quality 130-to-150-mph-rated architectural asphalt roof is the cash-flow winner and still meets Florida high-wind code when properly fastened. Compare both asphalt roofing and metal roofing in detail before you decide, and if you love the Mediterranean look, weigh concrete tile roofing against its higher cost and weight.

Roof Replacement Cost by Tampa Neighborhood

Tampa pricing shifts by neighborhood more than most homeowners expect. The drivers are home age and size, roof pitch and stories, lot access, proximity to the bay and its salt air, and how many homes carry tile rather than asphalt. The ranges below are for a typical 2,000 square foot home with architectural asphalt; tile-heavy and waterfront pockets run higher.

Tampa Area Typical Range (2,000 sq ft) Local Factors
South Tampa / Bayshore & Davis Islands $15,500–$23,000 High-value waterfront, two-story homes, salt air, tile common
Hyde Park & Palma Ceia $14,500–$21,500 Historic bungalows, steep pitches, tight access, preservation rules
Seminole Heights $12,500–$18,500 Older bungalows, frequent deck repair, mixed pitches
Westchase $13,000–$20,000 Master-planned, many tile and stone-coated steel roofs, HOA specs
New Tampa & Tampa Palms $13,500–$21,000 Newer subdivisions, larger footprints, tile-heavy HOAs
Carrollwood $12,500–$19,000 Established suburb, mix of asphalt and tile, mature tree debris
Town ’N’ Country $11,500–$17,500 Single-story ranches, simpler roofs, lower per-job cost
Ybor City & Downtown $13,000–$20,500 Historic district review, low-slope sections, access constraints

Neighborhood ranges are planning estimates for architectural asphalt on a typical 2,000 square foot home. Tile, metal, two- and three-story homes, low-slope flat sections, and waterfront salt exposure push individual quotes above these bands. Always get an on-site measurement.

Get Your Exact Tampa Roof Quote — Free

Tables give you the range. A measured bid from a licensed Tampa roofer gives you the number. Compare three to four free quotes, with no cost and no obligation, and see who scopes the wind detailing and secondary water barrier correctly.

Roof Repair Cost in Tampa

Not every Tampa roof problem means a full replacement. Most repair calls fall between $300 and $1,800, with wind and storm damage, leaks, and flashing failures the most common in this climate. The catch: under Florida’s 25 percent rule, if storm repairs touch more than a quarter of the roof within a year, the work generally triggers a full replacement to current code. The table below covers typical Tampa repair pricing.

Tampa Repair Type Low End Typical High End
Missing or wind-lifted shingles (a few) $200 $450 $900
Tropical-storm wind damage repair $600 $1,500 $4,500
Roof leak diagnosis and repair (minor) $350 $750 $1,800
Flashing repair (chimney, valley, sidewall) $300 $700 $1,600
Cracked or slipped tile replacement $400 $900 $2,500
Soft-fascia / rotted-deck section repair $500 $1,400 $3,500
Algae / black-streak soft wash $300 $550 $1,000
Emergency tarping after a storm $350 $650 $1,500

If you are spending on repairs every storm season, the math usually favors replacement. Compare your repair history against a full roof replacement, and for smaller fixes review our roof repair cost guide. For a deeper look at the year-over-year price picture, see the national roof replacement cost guide.

How Tampa’s Climate Affects Your Roof

Few cities are harder on a roof than Tampa. The combination of hurricane-season wind, near-daily summer downpours, relentless UV, and salt air off Tampa Bay attacks every roofing system from several directions at once. Understanding these forces is the difference between a roof that lasts its full rated life and one that fails early.

Hurricane & tropical-storm wind

Tampa Bay sits in a high-wind zone where the Florida Building Code demands enhanced fastening, wind-rated materials, and a sealed deck. Wind uplift, not rain, is what tears roofs apart here, which is why the re-nail and secondary water barrier matter so much.

Heavy rain & humidity

Tampa averages well over fifty inches of rain a year, concentrated in summer afternoon storms. Standing humidity feeds algae streaking and rots any underlayment or decking that was not sealed and ventilated properly. A quality peel-and-stick barrier is your insurance against trapped moisture.

Intense year-round UV

Near-constant sun bakes the binders out of asphalt and is the main reason a Tampa shingle roof lasts 15 to 20 years rather than 25 to 30 up north. Reflective metal coatings and tile shrug off UV far better, which factors into the long-term value math.

Salt air near the bay

Homes in South Tampa, on Davis Islands, and along Bayshore take salt spray that corrodes steel fasteners, flashing, and lower-grade metal panels. Coastal-grade aluminum or Galvalume and stainless fasteners are worth the upgrade close to the water.

Hail is far less common in Tampa than in the inland Midwest, but it does occur with strong summer storms, and a Class 4 impact-rated shingle adds a margin of protection. The best window to schedule a planned replacement is the drier late-fall-to-early-spring stretch, outside the peak of hurricane season, when crews are less stretched and weather delays are fewer.

Roof Replacement Financing in Tampa

A new roof is a major expense, and Tampa homeowners have more financing options than most realize, including programs built specifically for Florida. The right choice depends on your equity, credit, and whether the work follows storm damage that an insurance claim might cover.

Financing Option Typical Terms Best For
Florida PACE financing 5–20 yr term, repaid on property-tax bill, no minimum credit score Equity-rich owners wanting zero-down, credit-flexible funding
Home equity loan / HELOC Lowest rates, secured by home equity, 5–20 yr Homeowners with equity and strong credit
Contractor financing Through GreenSky, Service Finance, Hearth; promo periods common Fast approval, one-stop with your roofer
Insurance claim Covers sudden wind / storm damage, not age or wear Damage from a named storm or wind event
FHA Title I home-improvement loan Government-backed, modest limits, no equity required Lower-equity homeowners needing a structured loan
Manufacturer financing GAF, Owens Corning programs via certified installers Pairing a premium-warranty system with promo terms

PACE assessments attach to the property and transfer with it at sale, and they can complicate a future mortgage refinance, so weigh the convenience against the long-term cost before signing. Compare any financing offer’s total cost against a home equity option.

When Should Tampa Homeowners Replace Their Roof?

In Tampa, roof age now drives more than just leaks. It drives whether you can keep your homeowners insurance. Watch for these signs that replacement is due:

  • Age past 15 years on asphalt. Many Florida insurers require an inspection at the 15-year mark and may decline to renew if the roof has under five years of useful life left.
  • Insurance non-renewal or inspection notice. If your carrier flags the roof, replacement is often the fastest path back to coverage at a reasonable premium.
  • Widespread granule loss or curling. Bare or cupped shingles after years of Tampa UV mean the surface has given up.
  • Repeated leaks or storm repairs. If you patch after every season, you are spending toward a new roof anyway.
  • Cracked, slipped, or missing tiles across multiple areas, especially after a wind event.
  • Sagging deck or soft spots underfoot, which signal moisture-rotted sheathing beneath the surface.
  • Daylight or staining in the attic, the clearest evidence that water is getting past the underlayment.
  • You want the wind-mitigation credits that only a code-current roof with a sealed deck and re-nailed sheathing can unlock.

How to Hire a Tampa Roofing Contractor

Tampa’s storm seasons attract out-of-town storm chasers along with the many excellent local roofers. Protect yourself and your insurance credits by working through these steps:

  1. Verify the Florida license. Roofers must hold a state CCC Certified or Registered Roofing Contractor license through the DBPR. Confirm the number and status at myfloridalicense.com before you sign anything.
  2. Confirm insurance. Require current general liability and workers’ compensation certificates listing your job, sent directly from the carrier.
  3. Get three to four measured bids. Compare scope line by line, especially the deck re-nail, secondary water barrier, and flashing, not just the bottom-line price.
  4. Insist on a pulled permit. A legitimate Tampa or Hillsborough County reroof is permitted and inspected. Never accept an offer to skip the permit, which can void insurance and complicate a sale.
  5. Ask about the wind-mitigation form. A good roofer documents the fastening, sealed deck, and roof-to-wall connections so you can claim the insurance credit.
  6. Check local references and reviews. Favor contractors with an established Tampa Bay track record over a truck that showed up after a storm.
  7. Read the warranty. Separate the manufacturer material warranty from the contractor’s workmanship warranty and get both in writing.
  8. Structure the payments. A modest deposit with the balance on completion and inspection is normal. Be wary of demands for large upfront cash.

The fastest way to line up several vetted, licensed Tampa roofers at once is to request free quotes and compare their scopes side by side.

Tampa Roofing Resources & Related Guides

Dig deeper into materials, pricing methods, and home-size estimates with these guides.

Pricing & material guides

Roof cost by material ·
Roofing cost by the square foot ·
Asphalt roofing ·
Metal roofing ·
Concrete tile roofing ·
Wood shake roofing ·
Roof replacement ·
Roof repair ·
Full replacement cost guide

Estimate by home size

800 sq ft roof ·
1,000 sq ft roof ·
1,500 sq ft roof ·
2,000 sq ft roof ·
2,200 sq ft roof ·
3,000 sq ft roof

Florida & nearby Tampa Bay cities

Florida roofing costs ·
St. Petersburg, FL ·
Clearwater, FL ·
Largo, FL ·
Plant City, FL ·
Lakeland, FL ·
Sarasota, FL ·
Spring Hill, FL

More from Best Roofing Estimates

Where we serve ·
About Best Roofing Estimates ·
Roofing blog ·
Privacy policy ·
Homepage

Popular Cities

New York ·
Los Angeles ·
Houston ·
Dallas ·
Chicago ·
Fort Worth ·
San Antonio ·
Phoenix ·
Las Vegas ·
Atlanta ·
Tampa ·
Boston ·
Pittsburgh ·
Cincinnati ·
Indianapolis ·
Minneapolis

Frequently Asked Questions About Roofing Cost in Tampa

How much does a new roof cost in Tampa, FL?

A new roof in Tampa typically costs between $9,000 and $18,000 for a 1,500 to 2,500 square foot home using architectural asphalt shingles, with a 2,000 square foot home landing near $13,500. Standing-seam and 5V-crimp metal on the same homes run roughly $21,000 to $46,000, and concrete or clay tile runs higher. Every number includes the full tear-off, Florida Building Code high-wind re-nail, peel-and-stick secondary water barrier, flashing, permit, and disposal that a Tampa reroof requires. Roof area, pitch, number of stories, and material are the biggest swing factors.

What is the average cost to replace a roof in Tampa?

The average Tampa roof replacement runs approximately $11,000 to $18,000 on a 2,000 square foot home using mid-grade architectural asphalt, including tear-off, synthetic underlayment, secondary water barrier, code-compliant fastening, flashing, permit, and disposal. Class 4 impact-rated asphalt adds roughly $1,500 to $3,500, rotted-deck replacement is a common change order in this humid climate, and a switch to tile or metal can double or triple the material line. Salt-air exposure near Tampa Bay and steep two-story homes in South Tampa add labor.

How much does roof repair cost in Tampa?

Most Tampa roof repair calls fall between $300 and $1,800. Replacing a few wind-lifted shingles or a slipped tile sits at the low end, while tropical-storm wind damage, active leak diagnosis, chimney and valley flashing repair, and rotted-deck sections push higher. Partial section replacement runs $1,400 to $4,500. Keep in mind Florida’s 25 percent rule: if storm repairs touch more than a quarter of the roof within a year, the work generally triggers a full replacement to current code rather than a patch.

What is the best roofing material for Tampa’s climate?

It depends on your budget and how long you plan to stay. For most Tampa homes, a 130-to-150-mph-rated architectural asphalt shingle is the best balance of price and performance, and a Class 4 impact-rated version adds debris and hail resistance. If you plan to stay long term or want the strongest wind and UV performance, standing-seam metal or tile lasts decades longer and eases insurance renewals, though both cost more upfront. Near the bay, choose coastal-grade aluminum or Galvalume metal and stainless fasteners to resist salt-air corrosion. Whatever the surface, a sealed deck and proper fastening matter as much as the material.

Do I need a permit to replace a roof in Tampa?

Yes. A roof replacement in Tampa requires a permit, pulled through the City of Tampa for homes inside the city or the Hillsborough County Building Services for unincorporated areas. Florida law also requires a permit any time a repair exceeds 25 percent of the roof area within a 12-month period. Residential roofing permit fees in Hillsborough County commonly start around $177 and run higher with job value, and your licensed contractor normally pulls it and folds the fee into the bid. The job is inspected at dry-in and again at completion. Never hire a contractor who offers to skip the permit, since an unpermitted roof can void insurance and complicate a future sale.

Do I need a license to be a roofer in Florida?

Yes. Florida licenses roofing contractors through the Department of Business and Professional Regulation under the CCC Certified or Registered Roofing Contractor classification. A licensed contractor is required for roof replacement work, and licensees must carry general liability and workers’ compensation insurance for their crews. Verify any Tampa roofer’s license status and complaint history at myfloridalicense.com before signing a contract. Hiring an unlicensed contractor removes your state recourse and is a major red flag, especially among storm chasers who appear after a hurricane.

How can a new roof lower my insurance in Tampa?

A new roof built to current Florida Building Code can qualify for wind-mitigation credits that often reduce a Tampa homeowners premium by 10 to 20 percent. The credits come from documented features: enhanced roof-deck attachment with ring-shank nails, a secondary water resistance barrier, a hip-roof shape, and verified roof-to-wall connections such as hurricane straps or clips. Your roofer or a licensed inspector completes a wind-mitigation inspection form that your insurer uses to apply the discounts. Ask for this documentation as part of the job, because the savings can offset a meaningful share of the project over time.

Can my insurer drop me for an old roof in Tampa?

Florida rules limit non-renewal based on roof age alone for roofs under 15 years old. Once an asphalt roof reaches about 15 years, many insurers require an inspection, and if the roof is found to have less than five years of useful life remaining, the carrier may decline to renew. Older roofs may also be settled at actual cash value rather than full replacement cost after a claim. Because of this, many Tampa homeowners replace a roof in its mid-teens specifically to keep affordable coverage. A code-current roof with wind-mitigation features is the most reliable way to stay insurable.

Asphalt vs metal roof cost Tampa – which is better?

Architectural asphalt costs about half as much upfront as standing-seam metal in Tampa, typically $13,500 to $20,500 versus $21,000 to $37,000 on a 2,000 square foot home. Metal wins on total cost because it lasts 40 to 60 years versus 15 to 20 for asphalt, carries a higher wind-uplift rating, reflects heat for 10 to 25 percent summer cooling savings, and sidesteps the roof-age scrutiny that asphalt invites from insurers. If you plan to stay more than about eight to ten years, metal usually pays back the premium. For a shorter hold or a rental, a quality wind-rated architectural asphalt roof is the cash-flow winner and still meets Florida high-wind code.

How long does a roof last in Tampa?

Roof lifespan in Tampa depends on material and exposure. Architectural asphalt typically lasts 15 to 20 years in the high-UV, high-humidity climate and 3-tab 12 to 16, while a Class 4 impact-rated shingle reaches 18 to 25. Standing-seam metal and stone-coated steel last 40 to 60 years, concrete tile 25 to 40, and clay tile 40 to 60 or more. The relentless sun, heavy summer rain, salt air near the bay, and hurricane-season wind all age Tampa roofs faster than the same materials would in a milder climate, so the quality of the underlayment, fastening, and flashing largely determines a roof’s real-world life here.

Is roof financing available in Tampa?

Yes. Tampa homeowners can use Florida PACE financing, which spreads the cost across a 5 to 20 year term on the property-tax bill with no minimum credit score and no money down, making it popular for equity-rich owners. Other common options include a home equity loan or HELOC at the lowest rates, contractor financing through providers like GreenSky, Service Finance, or Hearth, an FHA Title I home-improvement loan, and manufacturer programs from GAF or Owens Corning. If the roof failed from sudden wind or storm damage, an insurance claim may cover much of the cost. Compare the total cost of any financing offer against a home equity option before signing.

Get Free Tampa Roofing Quotes Now

Compare measured bids from licensed, insured Tampa roofers. It is free, fast, and there is no obligation. See who scopes the wind detailing right and protects your insurance credits.

Get My Free Quotes